AOD-9604 overview:
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Introduction:
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AOD-9604 is a synthetic peptide derived from the C-terminal end of human growth hormone (hGH). It was originally developed as an anti-obesity drug due to its ability to stimulate lipolysis (fat breakdown) and inhibit lipogenesis (fat formation) without the adverse effects typically associated with full-length human growth hormone (hGH). AOD-9604 has gained attention in the research community for its potential therapeutic applications in metabolic disorders and fat loss mechanisms.
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Molecular Sequence and Weight
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Molecular Sequence:
AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of the hGH molecule, specifically comprising amino acids 177–191 of the human growth hormone sequence. The peptide sequence is as follows:
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Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Leu-Gly-Gln
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The addition of a tyrosine residue at the N-terminal end enhances its stability and biological activity.
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Molecular Weight:
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Molecular Weight: 1815.08 g/mol
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Mechanism of Action
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AOD-9604 exerts its effects through the activation of the same pathways involved in fat metabolism as human growth hormone but without influencing insulin levels or causing adverse growth-related effects. The mechanism of action primarily involves the following processes:
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1. Stimulation of Lipolysis:
AOD-9604 activates beta-3 adrenergic receptors in adipose tissue, which enhances the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. This process increases fat mobilization and utilization for energy.
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2. Inhibition of Lipogenesis:
AOD-9604 reduces the accumulation of new fat by downregulating lipogenic enzymes and pathways involved in fatty acid synthesis.
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3. Interaction with Human Growth Hormone Receptors:
Unlike full-length hGH, AOD-9604 selectively binds to the receptors involved in fat metabolism rather than those involved in muscle growth or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) secretion. This selectivity reduces the risk of side effects such as hyperglycemia or acromegaly.
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4. Non-Growth Promoting Effects:
AOD-9604 does not stimulate IGF-1 production or promote cell proliferation, distinguishing it from full hGH and minimizing the risk of oncogenic effects.
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Pharmacokinetics
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Absorption: AOD-9604 is typically administered via subcutaneous injection, allowing for rapid absorption into the bloodstream.
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Half-life: The peptide has a relatively short half-life of approximately 30 minutes, requiring frequent administration for sustained effects.
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Metabolism: AOD-9604 is metabolized by proteolytic enzymes in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys.
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Potential Research Applications:
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1. Obesity and Weight Management:
AOD-9604 has shown potential in reducing body fat mass, particularly in abdominal and visceral fat deposits.
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2. Metabolic Disorders:
Research indicates that AOD-9604 may improve lipid profiles and metabolic markers in subjects with obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.
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3. Wound Healing:
Some studies suggest that AOD-9604 may enhance tissue repair and reduce inflammation.
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Safety and Tolerability:
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Preclinical and early human trials have indicated that AOD-9604 is well tolerated, with a low incidence of adverse effects. Reported side effects are mild and include:
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Local injection site reactions (redness, swelling)
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Transient headaches
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Nausea
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AOD-9604 does not appear to influence glucose metabolism or cause insulin resistance, differentiating it from full hGH in terms of safety profile.
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For Research Purposes Only:
AOD-9604 is intended for in vitro and laboratory research use only. It is not approved for human consumption, medical use, or diagnostic purposes. Misuse or administration in humans may result in adverse health effects. The information provided is for educational and informational purposes only.