Epitalon overview:
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Epitalon (also known as Epithalon, Epithalone, or Epithalamin) is a synthetic tetrapeptide that was discovered and developed by Russian scientist Vladimir Khavinson in the 1980s. It is derived from the naturally occurring peptide Epithalamin, which is secreted by the pineal gland. Epitalon has been the subject of extensive research due to its potential role in regulating the aging process, improving telomere maintenance, and modulating various biological functions.
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Molecular Structure and Sequence:
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Molecular Formula: C14H22N4O9
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Molecular Weight: 390.35 g/mol
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Amino Acid Sequence: Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (Alanine-Glutamic Acid-Aspartic Acid-Glycine)
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Epitalon is a short peptide consisting of four amino acids (a tetrapeptide), which allows it to mimic and enhance the function of the natural peptide Epithalamin.
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Mechanism of Action:
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Epitalon’s primary mechanism of action is through its effect on telomerase activation and telomere elongation, as well as its regulatory influence on pineal gland activity. The detailed mechanisms are outlined below:
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1. Telomerase Activation and Telomere Maintenance:
Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from deterioration and fusion with neighboring chromosomes.
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Over time, telomeres shorten due to repeated cell division, which is associated with aging and cellular senescence.
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Epitalon has been shown to stimulate the activity of the enzyme telomerase (TERT - telomerase reverse transcriptase), which adds nucleotide repeats to telomeres, thereby lengthening them and enhancing cell lifespan and function.
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By maintaining telomere length, Epitalon may contribute to increased cell viability, enhanced tissue regeneration, and reduced signs of cellular aging.
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2. Pineal Gland and Melatonin Regulation:
Epitalon has been shown to regulate the function of the pineal gland, which is responsible for the production of melatonin.
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Melatonin is a key hormone involved in regulating circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles.
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Epitalon enhances the secretion of melatonin, leading to improved sleep patterns and synchronization of biological rhythms.
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3. Antioxidant and Stress Response Modulation
Epitalon exhibits potent antioxidant properties by reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function.
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It has been shown to upregulate the production of natural antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase.
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By reducing oxidative damage, Epitalon helps protect cells from free radical-induced damage and supports cellular integrity.
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4. Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation:
Epitalon has been shown to modulate the expression of genes associated with cell cycle control, DNA repair, and protein synthesis.
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Through epigenetic regulation, Epitalon may enhance the production of proteins necessary for cell survival and function.
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5. Immune System Modulation:
Studies suggest that Epitalon enhances immune function by improving the activity of T-cells and enhancing the overall response to pathogens.
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This may contribute to improved immune surveillance and a reduction in age-related immune decline.
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Research and Potential Applications:
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Epitalon has been investigated in various preclinical and clinical studies, suggesting potential benefits in the following areas:
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Anti-aging and Longevity – Through telomere maintenance and enhanced cellular repair mechanisms.
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Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Improvement – By regulating melatonin production and enhancing sleep quality.
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Cancer Prevention and Therapy Support – By modulating cell cycle regulation and enhancing immune function.
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Metabolic and Endocrine Balance – Through its effects on gene expression and hormonal regulation.
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Neuroprotection – By reducing oxidative stress and enhancing neural plasticity.
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Pharmacokinetics
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Absorption: Epitalon is typically administered via subcutaneous injection for effective absorption.
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Distribution: After administration, Epitalon is rapidly distributed to tissues, particularly those with high metabolic activity such as the brain and liver.
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Metabolism: Epitalon is broken down into its constituent amino acids by proteolytic enzymes.
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Excretion: The metabolites are excreted through the kidneys.
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Safety and Toxicology:
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Animal studies and limited human trials suggest that Epitalon has a favorable safety profile, with no significant adverse effects observed at therapeutic doses.
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Long-term studies are needed to fully establish its safety and efficacy in humans.
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**Not for human consumption.
**FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY.
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Epitalon is a research chemical and is not approved for human consumption. It is intended for in vitro research, laboratory testing, and scientific study only. Any use outside of these parameters is strictly prohibited.